The Impact of Social Media on Social Comparison and Self-Esteem

Atika Widya Utama (1), Felipe Souza (2), Bruna Costa (3)
(1) Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, Indonesia,
(2) Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil,
(3) Universidade Estadual Mato Grosso Sul, Brazil

Abstract

The ubiquitous presence of social media platforms has created an environment where individuals are constantly exposed to curated, idealized self-presentations. This environment is thought to intensify the natural human tendency for social comparison, which has significant implications for psychological well-being, particularly self-esteem. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the intensity of social media use, the tendency for social comparison, and levels of self-esteem among young adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 350 university students (aged 18-24). Participants completed validated instruments, including the Social Media Intensity Scale, the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed to test the hypothesized relationships. A significant positive correlation was found between the intensity of social media use and social comparison orientation (r = .45, p < .001). In turn, social comparison orientation was significantly negatively correlated with self-esteem (r = -.52, p < .001). Mediation analysis confirmed that social comparison significantly mediated the relationship between social media intensity and lower self-esteem. Intensive engagement with social media is strongly associated with a greater tendency for social comparison, which in turn predicts lower self-esteem. These findings highlight social comparison as a key psychological mechanism through which social media use may negatively impact mental health.

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Authors

Atika Widya Utama
roroatika24@gmail.com (Primary Contact)
Felipe Souza
Bruna Costa
Utama, A. W., Souza, F., & Costa, B. (2025). The Impact of Social Media on Social Comparison and Self-Esteem. Research Psychologie, Orientation Et Conseil, 2(3), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.70177/rpoc.v2i3.2376

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