Efficiency of the Sanction Determination Process for Members of the Republic of Indonesia Police Who Have Violated the Code of Ethics
Abstract
Enforcement of the code of ethics in the Indonesian National Police (Polri) is an important aspect of maintaining the professionalism and integrity of the institution. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the process of enforcing the code of ethics in the Polri with a focus on the speed of case resolution, accuracy and consistency of sanctions, and its impact on the discipline and professionalism of Polri members. This study also identifies steps that can improve efficiency, such as simplifying administrative procedures, strengthening the capacity of the Profession and Security Unit (Propam), and utilizing information technology. The results of the study indicate that efficiency in enforcing the code of ethics can be achieved by accelerating the administrative process, improving the quality of human resources in Propam, and integrating information systems that facilitate coordination between units. This study provides recommendations for strengthening internal procedures and increasing transparency and accountability in the law enforcement process in the Polri
Full text article
References
Bao, S., Yang, H., Fan, H., Zhang, J., Wei, Z., Cui, C., & Li, Y. (2021). Volatilizable Solid Additive?Assisted Treatment Enables Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 18.8% and Fill Factor Exceeding 80%. Advanced Materials, 33(48), 2105301. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202105301
Cai, Y., Li, Y., Wang, R., Wu, H., Chen, Z., Zhang, J., Ma, Z., Hao, X., Zhao, Y., Zhang, C., Huang, F., & Sun, Y. (2021). A Well?Mixed Phase Formed by Two Compatible Non?Fullerene Acceptors Enables Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 18.6%. Advanced Materials, 33(33), 2101733. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202101733
Chen, X., Xu, G., Zeng, G., Gu, H., Chen, H., Xu, H., Yao, H., Li, Y., Hou, J., & Li, Y. (2020). Realizing Ultrahigh Mechanical Flexibility and >15% Efficiency of Flexible Organic Solar Cells via a “Welding” Flexible Transparent Electrode. Advanced Materials, 32(14), 1908478. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201908478
Chong, K., Xu, X., Meng, H., Xue, J., Yu, L., Ma, W., & Peng, Q. (2022). Realizing 19.05% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells by Progressively Improving Charge Extraction and Suppressing Charge Recombination. Advanced Materials, 34(13), 2109516. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202109516
Chu, Z., Ye, Q., Zhao, Y., Ma, F., Yin, Z., Zhang, X., & You, J. (2021). Perovskite Light?Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 22% via Small?Molecule Passivation. Advanced Materials, 33(18), 2007169. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202007169
Cui, Y., Yao, H., Zhang, J., Xian, K., Zhang, T., Hong, L., Wang, Y., Xu, Y., Ma, K., An, C., He, C., Wei, Z., Gao, F., & Hou, J. (2020). Single?Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Approaching 18% Efficiency. Advanced Materials, 32(19), 1908205. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201908205
Fang, X., Wu, S., Wu, Y., Yang, W., Li, Y., He, J., Hong, P., Nie, M., Xie, C., Wu, Z., Zhang, K., Kong, L., & Liu, J. (2020). High-efficiency adsorption of norfloxacin using octahedral UIO-66-NH2 nanomaterials: Dynamics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms. Applied Surface Science, 518, 146226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146226
Gao, W., Qi, F., Peng, Z., Lin, F. R., Jiang, K., Zhong, C., Kaminsky, W., Guan, Z., Lee, C., Marks, T. J., Ade, H., & Jen, A. K. ?Y. (2022). Achieving 19% Power Conversion Efficiency in Planar?Mixed Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Using a Pseudosymmetric Electron Acceptor. Advanced Materials, 34(32), 2202089. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202202089
Gu, X., Xiang, W., Tian, Q., & Liu, S. (Frank). (2021). Rational Surface?Defect Control via Designed Passivation for High?Efficiency Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 60(43), 23164–23170. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202109724
Hu, P., An, J., Faulkner, M. M., Wu, H., Li, Z., Tian, X., & Giraldo, J. P. (2020). Nanoparticle Charge and Size Control Foliar Delivery Efficiency to Plant Cells and Organelles. ACS Nano, 14(7), 7970–7986. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b09178
Jiang, P., Miao, J., Cao, X., Xia, H., Pan, K., Hua, T., Lv, X., Huang, Z., Zou, Y., & Yang, C. (2022). Quenching?Resistant Multiresonance TADF Emitter Realizes 40% External Quantum Efficiency in Narrowband Electroluminescence at High Doping Level. Advanced Materials, 34(3), 2106954. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106954
Jošt, M., Kegelmann, L., Korte, L., & Albrecht, S. (2020). Monolithic Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: A Review of the Present Status and Advanced Characterization Methods Toward 30% Efficiency. Advanced Energy Materials, 10(26), 1904102. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201904102
Kim, J. Y., Lee, J.-W., Jung, H. S., Shin, H., & Park, N.-G. (2020). High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemical Reviews, 120(15), 7867–7918. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00107
Konda, A., Prakash, A., Moss, G. A., Schmoldt, M., Grant, G. D., & Guha, S. (2020). Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks. ACS Nano, 14(5), 6339–6347. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c03252
Li, S., Zhan, L., Jin, Y., Zhou, G., Lau, T., Qin, R., Shi, M., Li, C., Zhu, H., Lu, X., Zhang, F., & Chen, H. (2020). Asymmetric Electron Acceptors for High?Efficiency and Low?Energy?Loss Organic Photovoltaics. Advanced Materials, 32(24), 2001160. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202001160
Li, X., Hoffman, J. M., & Kanatzidis, M. G. (2021). The 2D Halide Perovskite Rulebook: How the Spacer Influences Everything from the Structure to Optoelectronic Device Efficiency. Chemical Reviews, 121(4), 2230–2291. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01006
Lin, Y., Firdaus, Y., Isikgor, F. H., Nugraha, M. I., Yengel, E., Harrison, G. T., Hallani, R., El-Labban, A., Faber, H., Ma, C., Zheng, X., Subbiah, A., Howells, C. T., Bakr, O. M., McCulloch, I., Wolf, S. D., Tsetseris, L., & Anthopoulos, T. D. (2020). Self-Assembled Monolayer Enables Hole Transport Layer-Free Organic Solar Cells with 18% Efficiency and Improved Operational Stability. ACS Energy Letters, 5(9), 2935–2944. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01421
Lin, Y., Nugraha, M. I., Firdaus, Y., Scaccabarozzi, A. D., Aniés, F., Emwas, A.-H., Yengel, E., Zheng, X., Liu, J., Wahyudi, W., Yarali, E., Faber, H., Bakr, O. M., Tsetseris, L., Heeney, M., & Anthopoulos, T. D. (2020). A Simple n-Dopant Derived from Diquat Boosts the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells to 18.3%. ACS Energy Letters, 5(12), 3663–3671. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01949
Liu, L., Kan, Y., Gao, K., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Chen, H., Zhao, C., Jiu, T., Jen, A. ?Y., & Li, Y. (2020). Graphdiyne Derivative as Multifunctional Solid Additive in Binary Organic Solar Cells with 17.3% Efficiency and High Reproductivity. Advanced Materials, 32(11), 1907604. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201907604
Luo, Z., Liu, T., Ma, R., Xiao, Y., Zhan, L., Zhang, G., Sun, H., Ni, F., Chai, G., Wang, J., Zhong, C., Zou, Y., Guo, X., Lu, X., Chen, H., Yan, H., & Yang, C. (2020). Precisely Controlling the Position of Bromine on the End Group Enables Well?Regular Polymer Acceptors for All?Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 15%. Advanced Materials, 32(48), 2005942. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202005942
Peng, X., Wu, J., Zhao, Z., Wang, X., Dai, H., Xu, L., Xu, G., Jian, Y., & Hu, F. (2022). Activation of peroxymonosulfate by single-atom Fe-g-C3N4 catalysts for high efficiency degradation of tetracycline via nonradical pathways: Role of high-valent iron-oxo species and Fe–Nx sites. Chemical Engineering Journal, 427, 130803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130803
Qi, H., Xie, A., Tian, A., & Zuo, R. (2020). Superior Energy?Storage Capacitors with Simultaneously Giant Energy Density and Efficiency Using Nanodomain Engineered BiFeO3 ?BaTiO3 ?NaNbO3 Lead?Free Bulk Ferroelectrics. Advanced Energy Materials, 10(6), 1903338. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201903338
Shi, L., Yin, Y., Wang, S., & Sun, H. (2020). Rational Catalyst Design for N2 Reduction under Ambient Conditions: Strategies toward Enhanced Conversion Efficiency. ACS Catalysis, 10(12), 6870–6899. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c01081
Song, W., Chen, J., Li, Z., & Fang, X. (2021). Self?Powered MXene/GaN van der Waals Heterojunction Ultraviolet Photodiodes with Superhigh Efficiency and Stable Current Outputs. Advanced Materials, 33(27), 2101059. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202101059
Sun, R., Wu, Y., Yang, X., Gao, Y., Chen, Z., Li, K., Qiao, J., Wang, T., Guo, J., Liu, C., Hao, X., Zhu, H., & Min, J. (2022). Single?Junction Organic Solar Cells with 19.17% Efficiency Enabled by Introducing One Asymmetric Guest Acceptor. Advanced Materials, 34(26), 2110147. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110147
Tcharkhtchi, A., Abbasnezhad, N., Zarbini Seydani, M., Zirak, N., Farzaneh, S., & Shirinbayan, M. (2021). An overview of filtration efficiency through the masks: Mechanisms of the aerosols penetration. Bioactive Materials, 6(1), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.002
Wang, Y., Shi, R., Shang, L., Waterhouse, G. I. N., Zhao, J., Zhang, Q., Gu, L., & Zhang, T. (2020). High?Efficiency Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Nickel Single?Atom Catalysts with Tetradentate N2 O2 Coordination in a Three?Phase Flow Cell. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 59(31), 13057–13062. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202004841
Xi, D., Xiao, M., Cao, J., Zhao, L., Xu, N., Long, S., Fan, J., Shao, K., Sun, W., Yan, X., & Peng, X. (2020). NIR Light?Driving Barrier?Free Group Rotation in Nanoparticles with an 88.3% Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Photothermal Therapy. Advanced Materials, 32(11), 1907855. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201907855
Xin, S., Liu, G., Ma, X., Gong, J., Ma, B., Yan, Q., Chen, Q., Ma, D., Zhang, G., Gao, M., & Xin, Y. (2021). High efficiency heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst biochar modified CuFeO2 for the degradation of tetracycline: Economical synthesis, catalytic performance and mechanism. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 280, 119386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119386
Xu, Y., Li, C., Li, Z., Wang, Q., Cai, X., Wei, J., & Wang, Y. (2020). Constructing Charge?Transfer Excited States Based on Frontier Molecular Orbital Engineering: Narrowband Green Electroluminescence with High Color Purity and Efficiency. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 59(40), 17442–17446. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202007210
Yang, L., Feng, J., Liu, Z., Duan, Y., Zhan, S., Yang, S., He, K., Li, Y., Zhou, Y., Yuan, N., Ding, J., & Liu, S. (Frank). (2022). Record?Efficiency Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Multifunctional Organic Ions Interface Passivation. Advanced Materials, 34(24), 2201681. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202201681
Yang, Z., Xu, C., Li, W., Mao, Z., Ge, X., Huang, Q., Deng, H., Zhao, J., Gu, F. L., Zhang, Y., & Chi, Z. (2020). Boosting the Quantum Efficiency of Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence up to 52 % via Intramolecular Halogen Bonding. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 59(40), 17451–17455. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202007343
Ye, Z., Jiang, Y., Li, L., Wu, F., & Chen, R. (2020). A High?Efficiency CoSe Electrocatalyst with Hierarchical Porous Polyhedron Nanoarchitecture for Accelerating Polysulfides Conversion in Li–S Batteries. Advanced Materials, 32(32), 2002168. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202002168
Yu, B., Chen, Z., Zhu, Y., Wang, Y., Han, B., Chen, G., Zhang, X., Du, Z., & He, Z. (2021). Heterogeneous 2D/3D Tin?Halides Perovskite Solar Cells with Certified Conversion Efficiency Breaking 14%. Advanced Materials, 33(36), 2102055. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202102055
Zhan, L., Li, S., Xia, X., Li, Y., Lu, X., Zuo, L., Shi, M., & Chen, H. (2021). Layer?by?Layer Processed Ternary Organic Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 18%. Advanced Materials, 33(12), 2007231. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202007231
Zhou, Z., Liu, W., Zhou, G., Zhang, M., Qian, D., Zhang, J., Chen, S., Xu, S., Yang, C., Gao, F., Zhu, H., Liu, F., & Zhu, X. (2020). Subtle Molecular Tailoring Induces Significant Morphology Optimization Enabling over 16% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Efficient Charge Generation. Advanced Materials, 32(4), 1906324. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906324
Authors
Copyright (c) 2024 Iwansyah Iwansyah, Faisal Santiago

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.