The Position of Agreements and Arbitration Awards as A Legal Protection in Out-Of-Court Dispute Resolution
Downloads
Background. In the era of globalization, the speed of economic activities fosters free markets and intense competition. Agreements play a crucial role in facilitating transactions, but disputes often arise due to differing interpretations or alleged breaches. Resolving these disputes efficiently and justly is essential to maintain trust and economic stability.
Purpose. This research aims to determine the legal certainty and position of arbitration awards as a means of legal protection in out-of-court dispute resolution.
Method. The study employs normative legal research with a focus on statutory and conceptual approaches. It analyzes laws and regulations related to arbitration, particularly Article 60 and Article 70 of the Arbitration Law.
Results. Arbitration awards, as regulated in Article 60, are considered final, binding, and have permanent legal force. However, Article 70 allows parties to challenge arbitration awards by filing annulment requests, which undermines their finality. This duality creates ambiguity in the enforcement of arbitration awards.
Conclusion. Although arbitration awards are designed to be final and binding, the provision for annulment in Article 70 diminishes their definitive status. Legal reforms are needed to enhance the finality of arbitration awards to strengthen their role in dispute resolution.
Alias, F., Martina, D., Susila, Muh. E., & Anggriawan, R. (2024). Preserving Patient Autonomy at The End of Life: A Legal Appraisal of The Position of Advanced Medical Directives In Malaysia And Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 12(2), 296–310. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no2.679
Andrea Addobbati. (2022). Il romanzo del barattiere. «Prova di mare» e indebolimento della posizione legale del marinaio nel passaggio tra Sette e Ottocento. Quaderni storici, 3, 701–734. https://doi.org/10.1408/108119
Associate Professor of International Law at Ho Chi Minh City University of Law, Vietnam. B.A./LL.M., & Long, T. T. (2021). Unilateral Statement under International Law: A Vietnamese Position to the Legal Effect of the Diplomatic Note 1958. Journal of East Asia and International Law, 14(2), 357–380. https://doi.org/10.14330/jeail.2021.14.2.07
Bernaci?ski, ?. (2020). Rozwa?ania nad zrównaniem pozycji prawnej ko?cio?ów i innych zwi?zków wyznaniowych oraz niereligijnych organizacji ?wiatopogl?dowych. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica, 92, 61–74. https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.92.05
Boram Kim. (2023). Widows’ Heir Adoption Seen through Legal Disputes in Late Joseon Korea: Focusing on the Position of the Eldest Daughter-in-law. Korea Journal, 63(2), 177–200. https://doi.org/10.25024/KJ.2023.63.2.177
Bradney, A., & Cownie, F. (2020). The Changing Position of Legal Academics in the United Kingdom: Professionalization or Proletarianization? Journal of Law and Society, 47(S2). https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12265
Bremus, F., & Kliatskova, T. (2020). Legal harmonization, institutional quality, and countries’ external positions: A sectoral analysis. Journal of International Money and Finance, 107, 102217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2020.102217
Channak, Z. M. O., & Amuda, Y. J. (2024). Barbarous Crimes in the 21st Century in Nigeria: The Position of Nigerian Legal Constitution on the Menace. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(4), 3241–3253. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i4.3840
Dansholm, K. K. (2022). Students’ understanding of legal citizenship and co-citizenship concepts: Subject positions and capabilities. Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE), 6(2). https://doi.org/10.7577/njcie.4747
Fatenkov, A. (2022). Underground Man in Legal Position: Dostoevsky and Existential Philosophy. ISTORIYA, 13(5 (115)), 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/S207987840021614-4
Galiot, M., & Brizi? Bahun, V. (2021). Položaj ošte?enika u adhezijskom postupku. Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveu?ilišta u Rijeci, 42(2), 451–469. https://doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.42.2.11
Griller, S., & Lentsch, E. (Eds.). (2021). EMU Integration and Member States’ Constitutions. Hart Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509935819
Jayus, J. A. (2020). Urgency of Legal Indigenous Communities’ Position in Indonesian Constitutional System. Jurnal Media Hukum, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.20200144
Jiroušek, B., & Rauchová, J. (2020). Legal Aspects of the Position of Slovakia in the Newly Established Czechoslovakia in Vratislav Kalousek´s Interpretation. Krakowskie Studia z Historii Pa?stwa i Prawa, 13(3), 321–328. https://doi.org/10.4467/20844131KS.20.023.12518
Kasakowskij, T., Kasakowskij, R., & Fietkiewicz, K. J. (2021). “Can I pin this?” The legal position of Pinterest and its users: An analysis of Pinterest’s data storage policies and users’ trust in the service. First Monday. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v26i7.11477
Kharb, D. (2021). The legal conundrum over regulation of access and benefit sharing obligations in digital sequence information over genetic resources?assessing indian position. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 24(1–2), 152–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12184
Khoir, N. (2022). The Position of Negeri Serdang Sultanate (1865-1946) Towards Islamic Legal Development. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 46(2). https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v46i2.902
Labuschaigne, M., Mahomed, S., & Dhai, A. (2023). Evolving capacity of children and their best interests in the context of health research in South Africa: An ethico?legal position. Developing World Bioethics, 23(4), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12383
Linden, M., & Muschalla, B. (2024). Emphatic Memories and Their Meaning in Societal and Legal Contexts: A Narrative Review and Position Paper. Psychopathology, 57(5), 444–450. https://doi.org/10.1159/000539240
Maliqi, A., & Nimani, P. (2023). The Constitutional And Legal Position Of National Minorities In Kosovo: Ahtisaari Package And The Privilege Of Minorities. Access to Justice in Eastern Europe, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.33327/AJEE-18-6.4-a000406
Martin, S. S. (2021). Legal Consequences of Bankruptcy Towards Legal Position of Waqf Assets on Foundation. Jurnal Hukum Novelty, 12(01), 45. https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v12i01.a16990
Mat Salleh, M. K., Bahori, A., & Yahya, M. A. (2021). Position of Fatwa in The Constitution: A Legal Analysis. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(4), 2171–2188. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.04
Mityureva, D. S. (2023). Legal Debates on ‘Ex Officio’ Procedure in Late 16th Century England: Robert Bill’s Position. Nauchnyi Dialog, 12(10), 378–394. https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-378-394
Muda, I. (2020). Logika Hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Terkait Uji Konstitusional Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris. Jurnal Konstitusi, 17(2), 330. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1725
Nader, L. (Ed.). (2023). Law in Culture and Society (1st ed.). University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.8501009
Nie, F., & Bagheri, M. (2021). A comparison of investors’ protection in different securities holding systems and the legal implications of direct and indirect holding: A focus on China’s central securities depository legal position. Capital Markets Law Journal, 16(2), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1093/cmlj/kmab004
Pelu, I. E. As., & Dakhoir, A. (2021). Marital Property within the Marriage Law: A Debate on Legal Position and Actual Applications. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 59(2), 287–316. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2021.592.287-316
Phan, D., Lap?ík, M., & Lap?ík, V. (2022). Stanowisko Zasady Zrównowa?onego Rozwoju w porz?dku prawnym Republiki Czeskiej oraz w ramach Wietnamskiej Ustawy o Ochronie ?rodowiska. In?ynieria Mineralna, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.29227/IM-2022-01-12
Plonsky, O., Chen, D. L., Netzer, L., Steiner, T., & Feldman, Y. (2023). Motivational drivers for serial position effects: Evidence from high-stakes legal decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 108(7), 1137–1156. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0001064
Rabinská, I. (2022). Institutions Strengthening the Position of the Injured Party of the Offence of Failure to Pay Alimony under Section 196 of the Czech Criminal Code and in Selected European Legal Regulations. International and Comparative Law Review, 22(2), 259–277. https://doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2022-0025
Reverdin, V. M. K. (2021). Abuse of Dominance in Digital Markets: Can Amazon’s Collection and Use of Third-Party Sellers’ Data Constitute an Abuse of a Dominant Position Under the Legal Standards Developed by the European Courts for Article 102 TFEU? Journal of European Competition Law & Practice, 12(3), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpab016
Scott, C. B. R. M.-G. (2020). Arthur Watts, The Legal Position in International Law of Heads of States, Heads of Governments and Foreign Ministers, 1994. In J. Barrett & J.-P. Gauci (Eds.), British Contributions to International Law, 1915-2015 (Set) (pp. 753–769). Brill | Nijhoff. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004386242_031
Šimunovi?, L. (2024). Pravni položaj državnih potpora u insolvencijskim postupcima. Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveu?ilišta u Rijeci, 45(1), 209–227. https://doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.45.1.10
Slinko, T. (2022). The Rule of Law in the Legal Positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. Access to Justice in Eastern Europe, 5(1), 165–177. https://doi.org/10.33327/AJEE-18-5.1-n000099
The ICRC’s legal and policy position on nuclear weapons. (2022). International Review of the Red Cross, 104(919), 1477–1499. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383122000248
The Legal Position of Digital Forensic Experts in the Settlement of Information Technology Crime Cases. (2024). Lex Scientia Law Review, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/lslr.v8i1.2952
The Legal Position of The Trustee and The Terms of Succession to Familial Fideicommissa in Light of The Litigation Surrounding The Radziwi?? Princes’ Entailed Estates During The Interwar Period. (2023). International Comparative Jurisprudence, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.13165/j.icj.2024.06.001
Van Walt Van Praag, M. C. (1993). The Position of Unpo in the International Legal Order. In C. Brölmann, R. Lefeber, & M. Zieck (Eds.), Peoples and Minorities in International Law (pp. 313–329). Brill | Nijhoff. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004641990_018
Xu, H., Savelka, J., & Ashley, K. D. (2021). Accounting for Sentence Position and Legal Domain Sentence Embedding in Learning to Classify Case Sentences. In E. Schweighofer (Ed.), Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press. https://doi.org/10.3233/FAIA210314
??? ????, ?., & ?????, ?. (2021). ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ???????? ?????, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.22059/jcep.2020.311072.449956
Copyright (c) 2024 Adolf Theodore B. Simanjuntak, Zainal Arifin Hoesein

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.