Development of AR-Based Educational Games for Mathematics Learning in Elementary Schools
Abstract
The traditional approach to mathematics education in elementary schools often fails to engage students fully and can lead to a lack of interest in the subject. Augmented Reality (AR) technology presents a novel opportunity to enhance learning by integrating interactive, immersive experiences that can make mathematics more engaging and understandable for young learners. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of AR-based educational games designed specifically for mathematics learning in elementary schools. The primary goal is to determine whether these games can improve students’ engagement and mathematical understanding compared to traditional teaching methods. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 150 elementary school students from three schools. Participants were divided into a control group, which continued with the standard curriculum, and an experimental group, which used the AR-based games. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests to assess mathematical understanding, as well as student engagement surveys. The findings revealed that students in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher levels of engagement and improved test scores in mathematics compared to the control group. The AR games were particularly effective in enhancing students’ abilities to solve problems and understand complex mathematical concepts. The use of AR-based educational games in mathematics education can significantly enhance student engagement and understanding of the subject. This study suggests that incorporating AR technologies into the elementary school curriculum could be a beneficial strategy to revitalize mathematics education and improve learning outcomes.
Full text article
References
Auer M.E. & Tsiatsos T. (Ed.). (2021). 13th International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication, Technologies and Learning, IMCL 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1192 AISC. Scopus. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091526145&partnerID=40&md5=9439c3aea5483955f4a4e66446957adb
Cha, H.-J., Ga, S.-H., & Yoon, H.-G. (2024). Analysis of Pre-service Elementary Teachers’ Science Lesson Plans Using AR Content: Focusing on the Properties of Light. New Physics: Sae Mulli, 74(6), 599–609. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.74.599
Fei, D., Gao, Z., Yuan, L., & Wen, Z. A. (2022). CollectiAR: Computer Vision-Based Word Hunt for Children with Dyslexia. CHI PLAY - Ext. Abstr. Annu. Symp. Comp.-Hum. Interact. Play, 171–176. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1145/3505270.3558318
Herpich, F., Nunes, F. B., De Lima, J. V., & Tarouco, L. M. R. (2018). Augmented reality game in geography: An orientation activity to elementary education. Proc. - Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. Comput. Intell., CSCI, 601–606. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCI46756.2018.00121
Herwin, H., Prasojo, L. D., Saptono, B., & Dahalan, S. C. (2023). Analyzing the Impact of Augmented Reality on Student Motivation: A Time Series Study in Elementary Education. Ingenierie Des Systemes d’Information, 28(5), 1197–1203. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18280/isi.280507
Hsu, T.-C. (2017). Learning English with Augmented Reality: Do learning styles matter? Computers and Education, 106, 137–149. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.12.007
Huang, H., Yin, P., Zhang, Y., & Cai, S. (2023). Effects of AR Educational Games on Spatial Ability of Primary School Students. Proc. - Int. Congr. Adv. Appl. Informatics Winter, IIAI-AAI-Winter, 111–116. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/IIAI-AAI-Winter61682.2023.00029
Ishartono N., Sidiq Y., Sudarmilah E., Fikriyah V.N., & Anggono A.D. (Ed.). (2023). Proceedings of the International Summit on Education, Technology and Humanity 2021. Dalam AIP Conf. Proc. (Vol. 2727). American Institute of Physics Inc.; Scopus. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163689990&partnerID=40&md5=346f1f0eb818793344895138b69a995d
Khodabandeh, F. (2023). Exploring the viability of augmented reality game- enhanced education in WhatsApp flipped and blended classes versus the face-to-face classes. Education and Information Technologies, 28(1), 617–646. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11190-6
Lee, J., Lee, H.-K., Jeong, D., Lee, J., Kim, T., & Lee, J. (2021). Developing Museum Education Content: AR Blended Learning. International Journal of Art and Design Education, 40(3), 473–491. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12352
Lin, C.-Y., Chai, H.-C., Wang, J.-Y., Chen, C.-J., Liu, Y.-H., Chen, C.-W., Lin, C.-W., & Huang, Y.-M. (2016). Augmented reality in educational activities for children with disabilities. Displays, 42, 51–54. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2015.02.004
Lu, S.-J., Liu, Y.-C., & Wang, B.-C. (2013). Design and evaluation of AR-enabled wall stickers with interactivity and digital contents for children learning. International Journal of Early Childhood Learning, 19(2), 43–48. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-7939/CGP/v19i02/48398
Munsinger, B., White, G., & Quarles, J. (2019). The usability of the microsoft hololens for an augmented reality game to teach elementary school children. Int. Conf. Virtual Worlds Games Serious Appl., VS-Games - Proc., 1DUUMY. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/VS-Games.2019.8864548
Oak, J. W., & Bae, J. H. (2012). Research on smart augmentation reality technology in health educational games for elementary students based on android platforms. Lect. Notes Electr. Eng., 181 LNEE, 347–353. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5076-0_41
Permanasari, A. E., Hidayah, I., Priyowibowo, F. M., Hidayat, M. A., Prayoga, F. B., & Sulistyaningrum Sakkinah, I. (2020). An Augmented Reality Application for Animal Learning Media at Alian Butterfly Park. Proc. - Int. Conf. Sci. Technol., ICST. Proceedings - 2020 6th International Conference on Science and Technology, ICST 2020. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICST50505.2020.9732881
Radu, I., McCarthy, B., & Kao, Y. (2016). Discovering educational augmented reality math applications by prototyping with elementary-school teachers. Dalam Interrante V., Hollerer T., Suma E., & Lecuyer A. (Ed.), Proc. IEEE Virtual Real. (Vol. 2016-July, hlm. 271–272). IEEE Computer Society; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2016.7504758
Sotelo-Castro, B., & Becerra, D. I. (2020). Human Body AR: A Mobile Application for Teaching Anatomy for Elementary Students Using Augmented Reality. Dalam Agredo-Delgado V., Ruiz P.H., Agredo-Delgado V., Ruiz P.H., & Villalba-Condori K.O. (Ed.), Commun. Comput. Info. Sci. (Vol. 1334, hlm. 146–154). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66919-5_15
Sudarmilah, E., Irsyadi, F. Y. A., Purworini, D., Fatmawati, A., Haryanti, Y., Santoso, B., Bakhtiar, D. N., & Ustia, N. (2020). Improving knowledge about Indonesian culture with augmented reality gamification. Dalam Abdullah A.G., Suhartanto D., Widiaty I., Aviasti null, Agustina I.H., Usman D.N., Nugraha null, Rompas P.T.D., Warouw F.F., Basyarudin N.C., Andriyanto null, Sumeru null, Abdullah C.U., Marham S., & Alim N. (Ed.), IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. (Vol. 830, Nomor 3). Institute of Physics Publishing; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/830/3/032024
Vate-U-Lan, P. (2012). An augmented reality 3D pop-up book: The development of a multimedia project for English language teaching. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo, 890–895. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICME.2012.79
Vate-U-Lan, P. (2013). The seed shooting game: An augmented reality 3D pop-up book. Int. Conf. E-Learn. E-Technol. Educ., ICEEE, 171–175. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICeLeTE.2013.6644368
Vilchez, A. W. A., Soto, T. S. M. L., & Atuncar, G. S. (2024). Mobile Application with Augmented Reality Applying the MESOVA Methodology to Improve the Learning of Primary School Students in an Educational Center. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 15(5), 593–600. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150559
Volioti, C., Orovas, C., Sapounidis, T., Trachanas, G., & Keramopoulos, E. (2023). Augmented Reality in Primary Education: An Active Learning Approach in Mathematics. Computers, 12(10). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12100207
Wang, Y.-S., Chen, C.-M., Hong, C.-M., & Tsai, Y.-N. (2013). Interactive augmented reality game for enhancing library instruction in elementary schools. Proc Int Comput Software Appl Conf, 391–396. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSACW.2013.128
Wong L.-H., Banawan M., Srisawasdi N., Yang J.-C., Rodrigo M.M.T., Chang M., & Wu Y.-T. (Ed.). (2018). ICCE 2018—26th International Conference on Computers in Education, Workshop Proceedings. Dalam ICCE - Int. Conf. Comput. Educ., Workshop Proc. Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education; Scopus. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060043548&partnerID=40&md5=9c77b2a11109fc5b5aaf1524e8e13527
Wong S.L., Barrera A.G., Mitsuhara H., Biswas G., Jia J., Yang J.-C., Banawan M.P., Demirbilek M., Gaydos M., Lin C.-P., Shon J.G., Iyer S., Gulz A., Holden C., Kessler G., Rodrigo M.M.T., Sengupta P., Taalas P., Chen W., … Yin C. (Ed.). (2016). ICCE 2016—24th International Conference on Computers in Education: Think Global Act Local—Main Conference Proceedings. Dalam ICCE - Int. Conf. Comput. Educ.: Think Glob. Act Local—Main Conf. Proc. Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education; Scopus. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018999783&partnerID=40&md5=21b613a115cb0f59cf3a54cd94f33460
Wong, W.-K., Lin, C.-H., & Chen, K.-P. (2018). Spoonbill game on android devices for ecological education. Dalam Chen N.-S., Chang M., Huang R., Kinshuk K., Moudgalya K., Murthy S., & Sampson D.G. (Ed.), Proc. - IEEE Int. Conf. Adv. Learn. Technol., ICALT (hlm. 143–145). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.; Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2018.00041
Zahran, M. B., Youssef, G. A., Ahmed, E. W., Ouf, G. M., Elazony, M. A., & Mohamed, M. B. (2022). Designing a Program using Augmented Reality Technologies and some Interactive Educational Aids to Simplify Science of Remote sensing for Elementary School Students. Information Sciences Letters, 11(5), 1791–1803. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18576/isl/110535
Authors
Copyright (c) 2024 Ruhiat Susanto, Mohammad Edy Nurtamam

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.