Journal of Biomedical and Techno Nanomaterials

Identification of Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

Haruto Takahashi — 2025-06-01

Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies due to late diagnosis. Early detection is critical for improving survival rates, yet current screening methods are inadequate. To identify and validate non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian cancer, focusing on improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. This study utilized proteomic and genomic approaches, including mass spectrometry for protein profiling and next-generation sequencing for analyzing cfDNA and miRNAs. Blood samples from patients with early-stage ovarian cancer, healthy controls, and individuals with benign conditions were analyzed. The combination of CA-125 and HE4 biomarkers significantly increased sensitivity (85%) and specificity (90%) for early detection of ovarian cancer compared to CA-125 alone. Proteomic analysis identified significant differences in protein profiles between cancer patients and healthy controls. Genomic analysis revealed specific mutations in cfDNA associated with ovarian cancer. The study demonstrates that a combination of CA-125 and HE4, along with multi-omic approaches, can enhance the early detection of ovarian cancer, providing a basis for the development of more accurate diagnostic tests. Further clinical trials are necessary to validate these findings.

Nanobody Synthesis to Target Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Fatima Malik — 2025-06-01

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with the overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) playing a critical role in its progression. Current therapies face challenges in targeting EGFR effectively. To synthesize and evaluate nanobodies targeting EGFR in colorectal cancer cells, aiming to improve therapeutic specificity and efficacy. Nanobodies were synthesized using phage display technology and screened for high affinity to EGFR. In vitro studies involved colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29, SW480, HCT116) to assess binding specificity, internalization, and cytotoxicity. In vivo studies used mouse models implanted with human colorectal tumors to evaluate biodistribution, tumor targeting, and therapeutic outcomes. Synthesized nanobodies demonstrated high binding affinity (KD in nanomolar range) and specificity to EGFR, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation by up to 70% and reducing tumor volume by 65% in mouse models. Stability tests confirmed nanobody resilience under various biological conditions. The study highlights the potential of nanobodies targeting EGFR as an effective therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer, with significant improvements in targeting specificity and tumor reduction. Further clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings.

Development of a Recombinant Vaccine to Prevent Influenza Virus Infection

Loso Judijanto — 2025-06-01

Influenza virus remains a significant global health challenge, causing seasonal epidemics and potential pandemics with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aims to develop a recombinant vaccine as a safer and more effective alternative to traditional influenza vaccines, which often suffer from limited efficacy and lengthy production timelines. Utilizing a recombinant DNA technology approach, this research employed the baculovirus expression system to produce hemagglutinin (HA) antigens derived from the influenza A virus. Experimental methods included antigen purification, immunogenicity assays in murine models, and neutralizing antibody titration. Results revealed that the recombinant HA vaccine elicited a robust immune response, with a significant increase in hemagglutination inhibition titers compared to control groups. Furthermore, the vaccinated subjects exhibited substantial protection against viral challenge, evidenced by reduced viral load and minimized lung pathology. The findings suggest that recombinant vaccine platforms offer promising avenues for rapid and scalable vaccine development. This study underscores the potential of recombinant influenza vaccines in mitigating future influenza outbreaks with improved safety, efficacy, and production agility.

Role of the Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease

Ahmet Demir — 2025-06-01

Crohn's disease is one of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) whose pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Many studies have shown a link between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and the development of the disease. However, the specific mechanism linking the microbiota to inflammation in Crohn's disease is still open to further exploration. This study aims to investigate the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, specifically in differentiating the composition of the microbiota in patients with active disease and in remission. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 100 patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using metagenomic techniques (16S rRNA sequencing) to identify the composition of the microbiota. Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) is also performed to assess disease status. The results showed that patients with active disease had a decrease in the number of anti-inflammatory bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli. In addition, there was a correlation between microbiome dysbiosis and increased CRP levels in patients with active disease. Microbiome dysbiosis has an important role in exacerbating the symptoms of Crohn's disease. This study provides evidence that the management of the gut microbiota can be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of Crohn's disease.

Immunomodulation Mechanism by Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy

Salma Hamdan — 2025-06-01

Conventional cancer treatment is often limited by side effects and resistance to therapy. Therefore, immunotherapy research, especially those involving gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), is growing as a more effective and specific therapeutic alternative. AuNPs have the potential to modulate the body's immune response, improving the recognition and destruction of cancer cells by the immune system. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulation mechanisms triggered by AuNPs and evaluate their potential as cancer therapeutic agents by increasing immune cell activity and cytokine production.

This study used cell culture to test the effects of AuNPs on the activity of T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells as well as the production of cytokines IL-2, TNF-?, and IL-12. Gold nanoparticles were applied at various concentrations (5, 10, 20 ?g/ml) and treatment times (24, 48, 72 hours), then measured using flow cytometry and ELISA. The results showed that AuNPs increased the activity of immune cells, especially dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells, as well as the production of cytokines IL-2, TNF-?, and IL-12. This increase in immune cell and cytokine activity is directly related to the concentration and duration of AuNPs treatment. This study shows that AuNPs can modulate the body's immune system and increase the immune response to cancer. Gold nanoparticles have the potential as immunomodulatory agents in more effective and safe cancer therapy. More research is needed to confirm these findings in animal and human models.